Session: 09-01: Photovoltaic & Electrochemical Technologies

Paper Number: 142426

142426 - Development of Hydrogen Electric Truck System Model and Multi-Stack Heat Management Control Strategy 

Abstract: 

As the global usage of fossil fuels increases, there is a growing concern regarding issues such as depletion of underground resources and environmental pollution caused by exhaust gases. Consequently, active research is being conducted on new alternative energy sources. Among many alternative energy resources, fuel cells using hydrogen as fuel are being applied as various power sources depending on their capacity and characteristics. In the mobility industry, Polymer Electric Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), which offer various advantages such as rapid start-up characteristics, responsiveness, and high efficiency, are predominantly used. Furthermore, fuel cells are being applied to high-powered commercial vehicles for their long driving range and short refueling time, and to address the initial start-up issues of fuel cells, they are being implemented in conjunction with batteries and hybrids.

Therefore, in this study, a fuel cell and battery hybrid commercial vehicle model was developed based on Hyundai's Xcient hydrogen truck model using Matlab/Simscape®. The model consists of a fuel cell stack, battery, DC-DC converter, motor, vehicle dynamics, power distribution strategy, and respective controllers. The fuel cell stack comprises two 90kW stacks connected in series, and the Balance Of Plant is composed of hydrogen supply, air supply, and thermal management systems. The hydrogen supply system consists of seven 700-bar hydrogen tanks, configured to supply hydrogen after precise depressurization from 10 bar to 3 bar for fuel cell operation. The air supply system adopts an efficient pressurization method, either using a blower for positive pressure or a compressor for high-powered systems like commercial vehicles. The thermal management system comprises a cooling water pump for cooling the stack, a radiator and cooling fan to dissipate heat generated by the stack, and three-way valves to prevent excessive cooling of the stack.

The power distribution strategy distributes power from the fuel cell and battery based on the State Of Charge of the battery and the vehicle's power consumption. As a result, the hydrogen electric truck system model operates the motor according to the vehicle's speed requirements, and the power required by the motor is distributed separately from the battery and fuel cell through a power management system. Additionally, for stack thermal management, a proportional-integral (PI) controller is applied to the cooling water pump and cooling fan based on the inlet and outlet cooling water temperatures of the stack. The three-way valves are controlled by a rule-based controller based on the stack's operating temperature to adjust the valve opening ratio according to the stack's temperature. Therefore, the behavior of the water pump, cooling fan, and three-way valve to maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, as well as the behavior of the power management strategy based on changes in vehicle conditions due to driving, was investigated.

Presenting Author: 윤상현 : 공주대학교

Presenting Author Biography: I am conducting research on hydrogen fuel cell mobility systems, focusing on thermal management of the stack and overall system integration and development.

Authors:

Sanghyun Yun Kongju National University
Daeil Hyun Kongju National University
Hyeok Kwon Kongju National University
Hyeonchang Jeon Kongju National University
Minwoo An Kongju National University
Jaehyun Bae Kongju National University
Sungil Bae Kongju National University
Jaeyoung Han Kongju National University